How many languages on Earth?

Of the 3000 languages on Earth, very few are written: barely hundred! All the others are only spoken languages.

Nevertheless, linguists have managed to draw a linguistic landscape representing the number of languages spoken per continent.

This is what it looks like:

North America

In addition to English and French, there are still more than 50 Indian languages.

Latin America and the Caribbean

Spanish and Portuguese are in the majority, but there are also some English and French speakers. And some 250 Indian languages, including Quechua, the most important, which is the language of the Incas.

Europe

Only about thirty national languages as well as dialects such as Basque or Breton which do not have an official status.

Asia

As in Europe, there are about thirty official languages. But there are many non-official languages: more than 600!

Oceania

The spoken languages are not well known. These are Melanesian and Aboriginal languages. We can consider that there are about 700 of them.

Africa

The Bantu languages south of a Cameroon-Kenya line are estimated to be about 600. The black African languages of the west of the continent are estimated at nearly 500, and the languages of the Chamito-Semitic group must also be added, which makes between 1000 and 1200 languages spoken in Africa.


This was therefore a glimpse of today’s linguistic landscape knowing that it is the result of a very long evolution and that many changes will still be coming, inexorably. How is this linguistic landscape likely to evolve?

The least developed countries are generally those with the greatest linguistic fragmentation. Their languages are the most fragile and most likely to disappear except for languages with a strong culture such as Breton, Corsican, Icelandic or Catalan.

On the other hand, the most developed countries are those that have achieved a greater linguistic unity. The languages spoken by more than a million people are the most likely to survive in the future, but their number is just over a hundred… As a result, the number of languages of the future will most likely be lower than today.

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Article written by Ingrid, Coliglote


Image “Nombre de langues dans le monde”, p14, Michel Malherbe, Les langages de l’humanité, Une encyclopédie des 3000 langues parlées dans le monde, Editions Robert Laffont, 2010

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